The Ramayana · 256 of 493

Araṇya Kānda (The Forest Book): Canto 62 — Ráma’s Lament

When all the toil and search was vain He sought his leafy home again. ’Twas empty still: all scattered lay The seats of grass in disarray. He raised his shapely arms on high And spoke aloud with bitter cry: “Where is the Maithil dame?” he said, “O, whither has my darling fled? Who can have borne away my dame, Or feasted on her tender frame? If, Sítá hidden by some tree, Thou joyest still to mock at me, Cease, cease thy cruel sport, and take Compassion, or my heart will break. Bethink thee, love, the gentle fawns With whom thou playest on the lawns, Impatient for thy coming wait With streaming eyes disconsolate. Reft of my love, I needs must go Hence to the shades weighed down by woe. The king our sire will see me there, And cry, “O perjured Ráma, where, Where is thy faith, that thou canst speed From exile ere the time decreed?”

Insight

The cantos of Rāma's lament run for four chapters, longer than almost any single emotional sequence in the epic. The Sanskrit calls this kind of extended grief vilāpa, and the form has been used in Hindu and Indian literary tradition since the Vedic funeral hymns. Rāma weeps for Sītā as if she were dead, addressing every tree and river and flower of the forest as a possible witness to where she has gone. The Christian reader can think of David's lament for Absalom or for Saul and Jonathan, the kind of grief that breaks the warrior open. The text is making a claim about him here. The avatāra does not transcend grief. The avatāra grieves more, not less.2 Samuel 1:17-27 (David's lament); on vilāpa as Sanskrit literary form: Sheldon Pollock, A Rasa Reader (2016), on karuṇa.

Ah Sítá, whither hast thou fled And left me here disquieted, A hapless mourner, reft of hope, Too feeble with my woe to cope? E’en thus indignant Glory flies The wretch who stains his soul with lies. If thou, my love, art lost to view, I in my woe must perish too.”

Thus Ráma by his grief distraught Wept for the wife he vainly sought, And Lakshmaṇ whose fraternal breast Longed for his weal, the chief addressed Whose soul gave way beneath the pain When all his eager search was vain, Like some great elephant who stands Sinking upon the treacherous sands: “Not yet, O wisest chief, despair; Renew thy toil with utmost care. This noble hill where trees are green Has many a cave and dark ravine. The Maithil lady day by day Delighted in the woods to stray, Deep in the grove she wanders still, Or walks by blossom-covered rill, Or fish-loved river stealing through Tall clusters of the dark bamboo. Or else the dame with arch design To prove thy mood, O Prince, and mine, Far in some sheltering thicket lies To frighten ere she meet our eyes. Then come, renew thy labour, trace The lady to her lurking-place, And search the wood from side to side To know where Sítá loves to bide. Collect thy thoughts, O royal chief, Nor yield to unavailing grief.”

Thus Lakshmaṇ, by attention stirred, To fresh attempts his brother spurred, And Ráma, as he ceased, began With Lakshmaṇ’s aid each spot to scan. In eager search their way they took Through wood, o’er hill, by pool and brook, They roamed each mount, nor spared to seek On ridge and crag and towering peak. They sought the dame in every spot; But all in vain; they found her not. Above, below, on every side They ranged the hill, and Ráma cried, “O Lakshmaṇ, O my brother still No trace of Sítá on the hill!” Then Lakshmaṇ as he roamed the wood Beside his glorious brother stood, And while fierce grief his bosom burned This answer to the chief returned: “Thou, Ráma, after toil and pain Wilt meet the Maithil dame again, As Vishṇu, Bali’s might subdued, His empire of the earth renewed.”(508)

Then Ráma cried in mournful tone, His spirit by his woe o’erthrown; “The wood is searched from side to side, No distant spot remains untried, No lilied pool, no streamlet where The lotus buds are fresh and fair. Our eyes have searched the hill with all His caves and every waterfall,— But ah, not yet I find my wife, More precious than the breath of life.”

As thus he mourned his vanished dame A mighty trembling seized his frame, And by o’erpowering grief assailed, His troubled senses reeled and failed. Too great to bear his misery grew, And many a long hot sigh he drew, Then as he wept and sobbed and sighed, “O Sítá, O my love!” he cried. Then Lakshmaṇ, joining palm to palm, Tried every art his woe to calm. But Ráma in his anguish heard Or heeded not one soothing word, Still for his spouse he mourned, and shrill Rang out his lamentation still.